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1.
Estilos clín ; 28(1)2023. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1435281

RESUMO

O Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema é um mediador que vem sendo utilizado em várias pesquisas sobre imaginários coletivos que tomam a psicologia psicanalítica concreta como referencial teórico-metodológico. Assim, justifica-se o objetivo do presente texto de apresentar os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos desse tipo de recurso. Para tanto, o artigo está organizado em três seções. Na primeira, discorre sobre as diversas possibilidades por meio das quais a psicanálise vem sendo vinculada à pesquisa qualitativa, com vistas a situar o trabalho com o Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema nesse leque de alternativas. Na segunda, apresenta, detalha e fundamenta o próprio procedimento, dedicando atenção ao processo de definição do tema a ser solicitado. Na terceira, apresenta material de pesquisa para ilustrar as questões que compõem a segunda parte do artigo. Finaliza considerando que o uso do Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema, quando fundamentado e articulado com referencial teórico devidamente explicitado, revela-se um mediador dialógico fecundo na produção de material investigativo em pesquisas sobre imaginários coletivos


El Procedimiento de Dibujos-Cuentos con Tema es un mediador que ha sido utilizado en diversas investigaciones sobre imaginarios colectivos que toman la psicología psicoanalítica concreta como marco teórico-metodológico. Así, se justifica el propósito del texto de presentar los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos de este tipo de recurso. El artículo se organiza en tres secciones. En el primero, se discuten las diversas posibilidades a través de las cuales el psicoanálisis se ha vinculado a la investigación cualitativa, con miras a situar el trabajo con el Procedimiento de Dibujos-Cuentos con Tema en este abanico de alternativas. En el segundo, presenta, detalla y justifica el propio procedimiento, prestando atención al proceso de definición del tema a solicitar. En el tercero, presenta material de investigación para ilustrar las preguntas que componen la segunda parte del artículo. Concluye considerando que la utilización del Procedimiento de Dibujos-Cuentos con Tema, cuando fundamentado y articulado con un referencial teórico debidamente explicado, se muestra como un fructífero mediador dialógico en la producción de material investigativo en la investigación de los imaginarios colectivos


The Thematic Story-Drawing Procedure is a mediator that has been used in several researches on collective imagery which take the concrete psychoanalytic psychology as a theoretical-methodological framework. Thus, it is justified the present's paper aim which is to discuss the theoretical and methodological foundations of this type of mediator. The paper is organized in three sections. In the first, it discusses the various possibilities through which psychoanalysis has been linked to qualitative research, situating researches with Thematic Story-Drawing Procedure in these range of possibilities. In the second, it presents, details, and justifies the procedure itself, devoting attention to the process of defining the theme to be requested. In the third, it presents research material to illustrate the questions presented in the second part of the paper.It considers that the use of the Thematic Story-Drawing Procedure, when articulated with a duly explained theoretical framework, proves to be a fruitful dialogic mediator in the production of investigative material in research on collective imaginaries


La Procédure de Dessins-Histoires avecThème est un ressource qui a été utilisé dans plusieurs recherches sur des imaginaires collectives qui prennent la psychologie psychanalytique concrète comme cadre théorique et méthodologique. L'objectifde ce texte se justifie pour présenter les fondements théoriques et méthodologiques de ce type de ressource. À cette fin, l'article est organisé en trois sections. Dans la premier, il aborde des différentes possibilités par lesquelles la psychanalyse est liée à la recherche qualitative, en vue de situer des travails avec la Procédure de Dessins-Histoires avec Thème dans cettes alternatives. Dans la seconde, il présente, détaille et justifie la procédure elle-même, en accordant une attention au processus de définition du thème. Dans la troisième, il présente du matériel de recherche pour illustrer les questions qui composent la deuxième partie de l'article.Il conclut en considérant que l'utilisation de la Procédure de Dessins-Histoires avec Thème, lorsqu'elle est ancrée et articulée avec un cadre théorique dûment expliqué, s'avère être un médiateur dialogique fécond dans la production de matériel d'investigation dans la recherche sur les imaginaires collectifs


Assuntos
Testes Psicológicos , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Pesquisa Qualitativa
3.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202159

RESUMO

psicoterapéutica con niños en tiempos de confina­miento, así como los desafíos al encuadre y la técnica que requiere el dispositivo virtual. Toma como ejes para repensar esta praxis en construcción los aspectos relacionados con el vínculo terapéutico dentro de la dinámica transferencial-contratransferencial, el lugar del cuerpo en el nuevo marco temporal y espacial y los mediadores terapéuticos emergentes en esta situación clínica


This paper sets out to think about some aspects of the psychotherapeutic clinic with children during the lockdown period, as well as the challenges to the framing and the technique required by the virtual device. It takes as axes to rethink this building praxis, the aspects related to the therapeutic bond within the transferential-countertransferential dyna­mics, the place of the body in the new temporal and spatial framework, and the emerging therapeutic mediators in this clinical situation


El present treball es plan­teja pensar alguns aspectes de la clínica psicoterapèutica amb nens en temps de confinament, així com els desafiaments a l'enquadrament I a la tècnica que requereix el dispositiu virtual. Pren com a eixos per repensar aquesta pràctica en construcció els aspectes relacionats amb el vincle terapèutic dins de la dinàmica transferen­cial-contratransferencial, el lloc del cos en el nou marc temporal I espacial I els mediadors terapèutics emergents en aquesta situació clínica


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia da Criança/métodos , Telemedicina/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Consultórios Médicos , Realidade Virtual , Quarentena
4.
J Pers Soc Psychol ; 120(3): 789-815, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33252973

RESUMO

In schizophrenia research, patients who "jump to conclusions" in probabilistic reasoning tasks tend to display impaired decision-making and delusional belief. In five studies, we examined whether jumping to conclusions (JTC) was similarly associated with decision impairments in a nonclinical sample, such as reasoning errors, false belief, overconfidence, and diminished learning. In Studies 1a and 1b, JTC was associated with errors stimulated by automatic reasoning, oddball beliefs such as conspiracy theories, and overconfidence. We traced these deficits to an absence of controlled processing rather than to an undue impact of automatic thinking, while ruling out roles for plausible alternative individual differences. In Studies 2 and 3, JTC was associated with higher confidence despite diminished performance in a novel probabilistic learning task (i.e., diagnosing illnesses), in part because those who exhibited JTC behavior were prone to overly exuberant theorizing, with no or little data, about how to approach the task early on. In Study 4, we adapted intervention materials used in schizophrenia treatment to train participants to avoid JCT. The intervention quelled overconfidence in the probabilistic learning task. In summary, this research suggests that a fruitful crosstalk may exist between research on psychopathology and work on social cognition within the general public. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Cognição , Tomada de Decisões , Julgamento , Aprendizagem , Resolução de Problemas , Autoimagem , Delusões/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Processos Mentais , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico
5.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 26: e46700, 2021.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1287641

RESUMO

RESUMO O plantão psicológico é uma modalidade de atenção clínica em psicologia que disponibiliza atendimentos imediatos sem restrição de demanda. Ainda, o trabalho especializado oferecido pelo psicólogo consegue identificar os recursos pessoais do cliente para lidar com sua demanda e promover sua saúde sem necessidade de assistência intensiva. Para os demais casos, encaminhamentos e orientações permitem acionar outros serviços apropriados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e compreender as intervenções empregadas por um plantonista. A partir de análise de conteúdo de registros documentais de seis casos atendidos na modalidade de plantão psicológico realizado em uma clínica-escola e utilizando as matrizes teóricas da psicologia humanista-fenomenológica, foram identificadas e discutidas três unidades significativas a respeito das intervenções empregadas, nomeadas de reflexão, cuidado e explicação. Foi possível, então, relacionar as intervenções a uma facilitação de processo terapêutico e de ajuda ao cliente, encaminhando-o para um posicionamento mais pessoal e consciente. Houve a configuração de um ambiente de empatia e de aceitação incondicional em que os afetos puderam ser recebidos pelo plantonista com uma postura coerente e sensível. Somado a isso, foi possível desenvolver uma relação de aproximação entre o cliente e suas experiências, favorecendo ressignificações e maior consciência sobre seus modos de estar no mundo, logo uma condição mais autônoma e autêntica de existência. Por fim, algumas contribuições foram apresentadas e alguns temas centrais problematizados para dar corpo e movimento às pesquisas acerca do plantão psicológico.


RESUMEN La guardia psicológica es una modalidad de atención clínica en psicología que ofrece atendimientos inmediatos sin restricción de demanda. Además, el trabajo especializado ofrecido por el psicólogo logra identificar los recursos personales del cliente para lidiar con su demanda y promover su salud sin necesidad de asistencia intensiva. Para los demás casos, las remisiones y las orientaciones permiten accionar otros servicios apropiados. En esta investigación se tuvo como objetivo identificar y entender las intervenciones empleadas por un psicólogo de guardia. A partir de análisis de contenido de registros documentales de seis casos atendidos en la modalidad de guardia psicológica realizado en una escuela clínica y utilizando el enfoque de la psicología humanista-fenomenológica, fueron identificadas y discutidas tres unidades significativas respecto de las intervenciones empleadas, denominadas de reflexión, cuidado y explicación. Es posible, entonces, relacionar las conductas a una facilitación de proceso terapéutico y de ayuda al cliente, encaminándolo hacia un posicionamiento más personal y consciente. Hubo la configuración de un ambiente de empatía y de consideración positiva incondicional en que los afectos pudieron ser recibidos por el psicólogo de guardia con una postura coherente y sensible. Al sumado a ello, fue posible desarrollar una relación de acercamiento entre el cliente y sus experiencias, favoreciendo resignificaciones y mayor conciencia sobre sus modos del estar en el mundo, luego una condición más autómata y auténtica de existencia. Por último, algunas contribuciones fueron presentadas y algunos temas centrales problematizados para dar cuerpo y movimiento a las investigaciones acerca de la guardia psicológica.


ABSTRACT Psychological duty is a modality of clinical attention in psychology that makes available immediate appointments without restriction of requests. In addition, the specialized work offered by the psychologist is able to identify the personal resources of the client in order to deal with their request, and to promote their health without the need for intensive care. For the balance of the other cases, referral reports and guidance enable the activation of other appropriate services. This work aimed to identify and to understand the interventions employed by a psychologist on duty. Starting from the content cnalysis of records of six cases attended by the psychological duty schedule performed in a school-clinic, and by the use of the humanistic-phenomenological approach in psychology, three categories were identified and discussed regarding the interventions employed, namely reflections, care, and explanation. Thus, it was possible to relate the actions to a facilitator of the therapeutic process and help the attended person, leading them to a more personal and aware position. There is a setting of an empathic environment, and of unconditional positive regard in which the affections could be received by the psychologist on duty from a coherent and sensible posture. Added to this, it was possible to develop a proximity relationship between the attended person and their life experiences, favoring resignifications and a greater awareness of their ways of being in the world, so, a more autonomous and authentic condition of existence. Finally, some contributions were presented, and some core topics problematised in order to embody and give movement to the research about the psychological duty.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Condutas Terapêuticas , Pacotes de Assistência ao Paciente/psicologia , Psicologia , Afeto , Plantão Médico , Recursos em Saúde , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida
6.
Pap. psicol ; 41(3): 201-210, sept.-dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197408

RESUMO

La psicología está considerada una disciplina científica, pero algunas de sus especialidades, como la psicología clínica, tienen importantes dificultades para aplicar el método científico y trasladar los resultados de la investigación experimental al contexto profesional. Esta situación es especialmente problemática cuando multitud de teorías hacen que proliferen numerosos tratamientos psicológicos y que se sustente la idea (¿equivocada?) de que todos funcionan. El enfrentamiento entre posicionamientos basados en los aspectos comunes de las psicoterapias, en confrontación con los centrados en las técnicas, ha facilitado el camino y la expansión de pseudoterapias y la confusión de la población en general. Todo esto ocurre dentro de un contexto en el que ya existía un importante desencuentro entre la ciencia y la práctica clínica que afecta a muchos ámbitos profesionales de la psicología. El debate sobre los tratamientos y la asunción de que todos son eficaces permite mantener una actitud permisiva ante el uso de cualquier tratamiento, a veces avalados por algunas universidades, colegios profesionales y sociedades científico-profesionales, sin establecer restricciones a la difusión de propuestas pseudocientíficas, que no han sido sometidas a contraste empírico. En este trabajo presentamos un análisis del estado actual del tema y debatimos algunos de los aspectos más importantes


Psychology is considered to be a scientific discipline, but some of its specialties, such as clinical psychology, have significant difficulties in applying the scientific method, and in transferring the results of experimental research into the professional context. This situation is especially problematic when a multitude of theories fosters the proliferation of numerous treatments, as well as the (erroneous?) idea that all of them work. The confrontation between stances based on the common aspects of psychotherapies and those focused on techniques has opened up a path for pseudo-therapies and their expansion, along with the confusion of the general population. This situation takes place within a context in which there was already significant disagreement between science and clinical practice that impacts many professional areas within psychology. The debate about the efficacy and the assumption that all treatments are effective enables the maintaining of a permissive attitude towards the use of any treatment, sometimes even supported by some universities, professional associations, and scientific-professional societies, without restraints on the dissemination of pseudoscientific proposals that have not yet been empirically tested. This work analyzes the current state and discusses some of its most important aspects


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicoterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Ciência , Psicoterapia/normas , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Modelos Psicológicos
8.
Psychol Trauma ; 12(S1): S43-S44, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32478538

RESUMO

The present commentary describes the main care services implemented by the clinical psychology unit of an Italian hospital to cope with the COVID-19 emergency outbreak. The unit's main goal has been to support and protect health care professionals, relatives of hospitalized patients, and patients themselves from further psychological distress. Details and insights are shared. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Emergências/psicologia , Família/psicologia , Pacientes Internados/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Angústia Psicológica , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Adulto , COVID-19 , Departamentos Hospitalares , Humanos , Itália , Pandemias
9.
Clin Psychol Rev ; 78: 101857, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32371239

RESUMO

Recent advances in genetics, and new applications of evolutionary biology, are transforming psychology and psychiatry. The purpose of this article is to review and synthesize the progress in these two areas that is most salient to the practice of clinical psychology. First, I describe how the results of genome-wide studies have elucidated the genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders. These genetic results can be applied to generate polygenic risk scores, identify rare causal mutations, evaluate gene by environment interactions, and help determine the specific causes of psychiatric disorders for each individual, all of which can help to guide therapies and treatments. Second, I explain how evolutionary theory, applied to human development, the human psyche, and mental disorders, leads to novel insights relevant to therapy. Evolutionary thinking for psychiatry and psychology is consilient with contemporary schools of thought in clinical psychology, but also provides novel, non-intuitive, and clinically-useful insights. Effects of the genome in development, and functioning of the adult psyche, are both usefully conceived as dynamical, non-linear systems, regulated by feedbacks, that can become disordered in predictable yet individualistic ways. The merging of genetic, neurological, psychological, and evolutionary approaches is set to transform clinical psychology and psychiatry, but requires increased emphasis on cross-disciplinary thinking and research.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Genômica , Transtornos Mentais , Psiquiatria , Psicologia Clínica , Genômica/métodos , Genômica/tendências , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/genética , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Psiquiatria/métodos , Psiquiatria/tendências , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia Clínica/tendências
10.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol ; 16: 25-48, 2020 05 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32384000

RESUMO

The goal of this review is to enable clinical psychology researchers to more rigorously test competing hypotheses when studying risk factors in observational studies. We argue that there is a critical need for researchers to leverage recent advances in epidemiology/biostatistics related to causal inference and to use innovative approaches to address a key limitation of observational research: the need to account for confounding. We first review theoretical issues related to the study of causation, how causal diagrams can facilitate the identification and testing of competing hypotheses, and the current limitations of observational research in the field. We then describe two broad approaches that help account for confounding: analytic approaches that account for measured traits and designs that account for unmeasured factors. We provide descriptions of several such approaches and highlight their strengths and limitations, particularly as they relate to the etiology and treatment of behavioral health problems.


Assuntos
Causalidade , Fatores de Confusão Epidemiológicos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Pontuação de Propensão , Psicologia Clínica , Projetos de Pesquisa , Humanos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/métodos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/normas , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia Clínica/normas , Projetos de Pesquisa/normas
11.
Pap. psicol ; 41(1): 27-34, ene.-abr. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-190929

RESUMO

El desarrollo de agentes conversacionales o chatbots se ha visto incrementado en las últimas décadas, especialmente en el sector comercial. No obstante, si bien el primer bot conversacional de la historia presentaba una apariencia de psicoterapeuta, son pocos los agentes virtuales con este tipo de funciones construidos hasta la fecha. En el presente trabajo, exponemos las bases para diseñar un chatbot psicólogo, concretamente, un bot con funciones de evaluación psicológica. Para ello, revisamos las herramientas disponibles para diseñarlo y configurarlo, y los conceptos básicos para su construcción. Asimismo, proponemos una serie de objetivos de evaluación que habrían de guiar el diálogo del agente conversacional. Finalmente, exponemos una reflexión acerca de las ventajas e inconvenientes de los chatbots y sobre las líneas de actuación que serían necesarias para desarrollarlos con garantías científicas


In recent decades, the development of conversational agents or chatbots has increased, especially in the commercial sector. Although the first chatbot in computational history was presented as a psychotherapist, few virtual agents with this type of function have been built since then. In the present article we describe the fundamental aspects of designing a psychologist-chatbot and,more specifically, a bot with psychological assessment functions. We review the available tools and the basic concepts for its construction. We also propose a series of assessment objectives that would guide the conversational agent's dialogue. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of chatbots and the scientific guarantees that they need to fulfill


Assuntos
Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , Interface Usuário-Computador , Psicologia/educação , Comunicação em Saúde/métodos , Mídias Sociais , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia Social/métodos
12.
BMJ Support Palliat Care ; 10(2): 196-200, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30282793

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2004) guidance recommends a tiered approach to psychological care within cancer care. This includes the provision of Clinical Psychologists to support other professionals to deliver high-quality psychological care at levels 1 and 2 and to provide direct input to patients experiencing high levels of distress at level 4. However, little is known about the role of Clinical Psychology within UK Hospices currently. A survey of Clinical Psychologists working in this area was undertaken to address this gap in knowledge. METHODS: We conducted an anonymous online survey of Clinical Psychologists working in Hospice organisations across the UK. Recruitment was completed via professional networking groups, social media and by contacting UK Hospice organisations. The survey included quantitative and qualitative items about professionals' experience, how their input is organised, their roles and activities and their views on the valuable and challenging aspects of working in this setting. RESULTS: Eighteen Clinical Psychologists responded and there was considerable variance in how their roles were organised. The tasks undertaken by most respondents were direct work with and consultation for hospice patients, and teaching and training staff. However, the findings demonstrated that Clinical Psychologists can undertake a wide range of tasks and draw on a range of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion Focused Therapy, in their hospice work. CONCLUSION: Our results provide an overview of the role of Clinical Psychology in UK Hospices and demonstrate the contribution that Psychologists can make to this field.


Assuntos
Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais para Doentes Terminais/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicologia Clínica/estatística & dados numéricos , Âmbito da Prática , Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso , Adulto , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Empatia , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Reino Unido
13.
Clin Psychol Psychother ; 27(1): 87-96, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31691414

RESUMO

Some theories (e.g. Jackson's Paradigm Shifting Hypothesis) and many personal accounts suggest that some psychotic crises, whilst distressing, can also be transformative, leading to growth and valued outcomes. However, little is known about the extent to which this idea informs mainstream mental health care. Clinical psychologists are influential advocates of psychosocial approaches more broadly: This study explored their use of transformative models. Twelve U.K. clinical psychologists were interviewed: Transcripts informed a grounded theory. No participants saw psychosis as a purely biological problem where the content of experiences is irrelevant. Two held a "biopsychosocial" model, viewing psychosis as an illness with psychosocial elements. Most either held a continuum view (i.e., schizotypy), in which psychosis proneness was also associated with positive attributes such as creativity or sensitivity, or a "fully psychological" view, seeing experiences as meaningful and/or as adaptive responses to events. Many believed that psychosis can be transformative in a broad sense, that is, lead to "post-traumatic growth." Some went further, believing that it can be a purposeful (e.g., an attempt, albeit painful and sometimes unsuccessful, to solve problems) or even a spiritual phenomenon. Participants' perspectives influenced their therapeutic approach: Those who saw experiences as purposeful were more likely to facilitate direct engagement with them and to support clients to explore potentially transformative aspects. However, this represented an extension of conventional approaches rather than being qualitatively different. More research is needed to clarify how widespread this approach is, to explore its utility, and to establish for whom and when it may be appropriate.


Assuntos
Teoria Fundamentada , Modelos Psicológicos , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Humanos , Reino Unido
14.
J Psychiatr Pract ; 25(5): 374-378, 2019 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31505522

RESUMO

This column reviews and updates "common factors" in psychotherapy, as originally described by Saul Rosenzweig in 1936. The author, a psychiatrist who has used multiple modalities of psychotherapeutic treatment over 4 decades, shares personal reflections concerning these "common factors" and introduces a model of integrated psychotherapies named for his grandfather's shaving brush.


Assuntos
Psicologia Clínica , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Psicoterapia , Humanos , Motivação , Otimismo , Participação do Paciente/psicologia , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia Clínica/normas , Psicologia Clínica/tendências , Psicoterapia/classificação , Psicoterapia/ética , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia/tendências
15.
J Abnorm Psychol ; 128(6): 487-492, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31368726

RESUMO

As psychological research comes under increasing fire for the crisis of replicability, attention has turned to methods and practices that facilitate (or hinder) a more replicable and veridical body of empirical evidence. These trends have focused on open science initiatives, including an emphasis on replication, transparency, and data sharing. Despite this broader movement in psychology, clinical psychologists and psychiatrists have been largely absent from the broader conversation on documenting the extent of existing problems as well as generating solutions to problematic methods and practices in our area (Tackett et al., 2017). The goal of the current special section was to bring together psychopathology researchers to explore these and related areas as they pertain to the types of research conducted in clinical psychology and allied disciplines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia Clínica/normas , Humanos
16.
J Abnorm Psychol ; 128(6): 547-562, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31368734

RESUMO

Quantitative methods remain the fundamental approach for hypothesis testing, but in approaches to data analysis there is substantial evidence of a gap between what is optimal and what is typical. It is clear that diffusion and dissemination alone are not maximally effective at improving data analytic practices in clinical psychological science. Amid declines in quantitative psychology training, and growing demand for advanced quantitative methods, applied researchers are increasingly called upon to conduct and evaluate research using methods in which they lack expertise. This "research-to-practice" gap in which rigorously developed and empirically supported quantitative methods are not applied in practice has received little attention. In this article, we describe how implementation science, which aims to reduce the research-to-practice gap in health care, offers a promising set of methods for closing the gap for quantitative methods. By identifying determinants of practice (i.e., barriers and facilitators of change), implementation strategies can be selected to increase adoption and high-fidelity application of new quantitative methods to improve scientific inferences and policy and practice decisions in clinical psychological science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Bioestatística , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Ciência da Implementação , Psicologia Clínica , Pesquisa Biomédica/métodos , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Bioestatística/métodos , Humanos , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicologia Clínica/normas
17.
Pap. psicol ; 40(2): 89-100, mayo-ago. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183639

RESUMO

La Práctica (Clínica) Basada en la Evidencia se define como la integración de la mejor investigación disponible con la pericia clínica y las características, preferencias y cultura del paciente. Del mismo modo, la variable terapeuta empieza a mostrar su influencia decisi-va en el resultado de los tratamientos psicológicos. En este trabajo se pone el énfasis en la figura del terapeuta en el contexto del pro-grama de formación PIR de especialistas en Psicología Clínica de nuestro Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se revisan los constructos pericia, efectos del terapeuta y se presenta la Práctica Deliberada como un sistema de entrenamiento que puede ayudar a mejorar los resultados de los clínicos y sus tratamientos. Se realizan recomendaciones concretas para mejorar el modelo de supervisión durante la residencia PIR y se discuten algunas de las implicaciones y limitaciones del estado actual de la cuestión


Evidence-based (clinical) practice is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture and preferences. Similarly, the therapist factor is beginning to show its decisive influence on the outcome of psychological treatments. This paper emphasizes the therapist factor in the context of the PIR training program of Clinical Psychology specialists within our National Health System. Expertise and therapist effects are reviewed and deliberate practice is presented as a training system that can help clinical psychologists to improve their outcomes and treatments. Specific recommendations are made to improve the supervision model during PIR training and the implications and limitations of the topic are discussed


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Aptidão/fisiologia , Competência Clínica , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Psicologia Clínica/instrumentação , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Sistemas Nacionais de Saúde
18.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol ; 15: 71-95, 2019 05 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31067414

RESUMO

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are direct measures of brain activity that can be leveraged for clinically meaningful research. They can relate robustly both to continuous measures of individual difference and to categorical diagnoses in ways that clarify similarities and distinctions between apparently related disorders and traits. ERPs can be linked to genetic risk, can act as moderators of developmental trajectories and responses to stress, and can be leveraged to identify those at greater risk for psychopathology, especially when used in combination with other neural and self-report measures. ERPs can inform models of the development of, and risk for, psychopathology. Finally, ERPs can be used as targets for existing and novel interventions and prevention efforts. We provide concrete examples for each of these possibilities by focusing on programmatic research on the error-related negativity and anxiety, and thus show that ERPs are poised to make greater contributions toward the identification, prediction, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Potenciais Evocados , Transtornos Mentais , Neurociências/métodos , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Eletroencefalografia/normas , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Neurociências/normas , Psicologia Clínica/normas
20.
Psychol Assess ; 31(12): 1386-1394, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30869959

RESUMO

The last decade has seen enormous advances in research transparency in psychology. One of these advances has been the creation of a common interface for openness across the sciences-the Open Science Framework (OSF). While social, personality, and cognitive psychologists have been at the fore in participating in open practices on the OSF, clinical psychology has trailed behind. In this article, we discuss the advantages and special considerations for clinical assessment researchers' participation in open science broadly, and specifically in using the OSF for these purposes. We use several studies from our lab to illustrate the uses of the OSF for psychological studies, as well as the process of implementing this tool in assessment research. Among these studies are an archival assessment study, a project using an extensive unpublished assessment battery, and one in which we developed a short-form assessment instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Humanos , Personalidade
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